为什么多数渠道合作失败:缺了这份交付与SLA
为什么多数渠道合作失败:缺了这份交付与SLA...
Sharp Lee
AIoT Go-to-Market Strategist
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TL;DR • 70%的渠道合作失败不是因为产品不好,而是delivery expectation不match • 没有SLA的渠道合作=随缘合作:渠道说”我尽快”,客户说”太慢了”,你夹在中间背锅 • 一份好的SLA要定义4件事:response time、resolution target、escalation path、penalty/reward
反常识:签了合作协议≠能顺利交付
多数团队的误区: 花3个月谈合作条款(分成比例、独家范围、payment terms),终于签约了——以为万事大吉,可以开始赚钱了。
第一个项目就翻车:
- 客户下单后,渠道说”2周能装完”→ 实际拖了6周,客户投诉
- 设备出问题,客户找渠道→ 渠道说”我不会修”→ 你派人飞过去($3K差旅费)
- 客户要training,渠道说”我们不负责training”→ 合同里没写清楚谁负责
- 客户要退货,渠道说”这是产品问题不是我的问题”→ 你说”是你安装不规范”→ 互相甩锅
真相是:
- 合作协议里只有”商务条款”(钱怎么分),没有”交付条款”(活怎么干)
- 没有SLA(Service Level Agreement),每次出问题都是”case by case”扯皮
- 客户不管你们内部怎么分工,客户只看结果——如果渠道做不好,最终伤害的是你的品牌
某AI传感器团队跟一家北美SI合作,签了20页的合作协议(律师review过),但没有一页是关于”installation标准、support response time、escalation流程”的——结果第一个项目,SI安装了3周(承诺1周),客户满意度3分(满分10分),客户直接说”下次不会再买你们的产品”。
这篇文章的价值: 我会给你一套完整的”渠道交付与SLA框架”,包含:
- 交付标准(什么叫”安装完成”、什么叫”验收通过”)
- SLA指标(response time、resolution rate、lead time)
- Escalation机制(什么情况escalate、谁负责处理)
- Penalty & Reward(做不到怎么办、做得好怎么奖励)
适用边界 | Fits & Not Fits
✅ 适合你,如果:
- 你的产品需要渠道做installation/commissioning/support(不是简单的”发货就完事”)
- 你已经跟渠道签了合作协议,但没有明确的交付标准和SLA
- 你遇到过渠道交付质量差、客户投诉、但合同里没有remedy的情况
- 你想在签约前就把delivery expectation说清楚,避免后期扯皮
❌ 不适合你,如果:
- 你的产品是标准品,不需要installation(如消费电子、简单的plug-and-play设备)
- 你的渠道只负责销售,不负责交付(如纯VAR/代理商)
- 你还没有渠道合作计划(先找到渠道,再谈SLA)
核心框架:渠道交付与SLA的4个层次
层次1:交付标准定义 (Delivery Standards)
问题: 什么叫”安装完成”?什么叫”验收通过”?
如果不定义清楚:
- 渠道说:“我装完了,你该付钱了”
- 你说:“客户还没验收通过呢”
- 渠道说:“合同里没写要等客户验收”
- 客户说:“这根本不能用,谁来负责?”
解决方案: 在合同里定义每个milestone的”完成标准”(Acceptance Criteria)。
安装阶段:Installation Completion Criteria
定义: 渠道完成以下所有项,才算”installation complete”:
| # | 标准 | 验证方式 | 责任方 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 设备物理安装到位(mounting/wiring/power) | 现场照片 + checklist | 渠道 |
| 2 | 网络连接正常(设备能连到云端/local server) | Connectivity test pass | 渠道 |
| 3 | 基础功能测试通过(如摄像头能拍照、传感器能读数) | Functional test report | 渠道 |
| 4 | 与客户现有系统对接(如果适用,如与WMS/ERP对接) | Integration test pass | 渠道(你remote support) |
| 5 | 客户方sign-off installation checklist | 客户签字的checklist | 渠道 |
条款示例:
3. Installation Completion
- Partner shall complete installation within [X] business days from equipment delivery
- Installation is considered "complete" only when:
a) All equipment is physically installed per installation guide
b) Network connectivity test passes (device can communicate with cloud/server)
c) Basic functional tests pass (defined in Exhibit B: Test Cases)
d) Customer signs off Installation Completion Checklist (Exhibit C)
- Partner shall provide installation report within 24 hours of completion
- Brand payment milestone 1 (X%) triggers upon installation completion
验收阶段:Acceptance Test Criteria
定义: 客户验收测试(Acceptance Test)的标准:
| # | 测试项 | 通过标准 | 测试周期 | 责任方 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 功能测试 | 所有core功能正常(定义在SOW里) | 3-7天 | 客户执行,渠道support |
| 2 | 性能测试 | 达到承诺的性能指标(如accuracy ≥95%) | 7-14天 | 客户执行,渠道+你remote support |
| 3 | 稳定性测试 | 连续运行X天无critical issue | 7-30天(看产品) | 客户观察,渠道monitor |
| 4 | 培训完成 | 客户操作人员能独立操作 | 1-2天 | 渠道培训,客户sign-off |
条款示例:
4. Acceptance Test
- Customer has [Y] days from installation completion to conduct acceptance test
- Acceptance criteria (must meet ALL):
a) Functional test: all functions in SOW Exhibit A work properly
b) Performance test: meet performance spec in Exhibit D (e.g., accuracy ≥95%)
c) Stability test: run continuously for [Z] days with <2 hours downtime
d) Training: customer operators can independently operate the system
- If acceptance test fails:
- Partner has [N] days to fix the issue (at Partner's cost)
- If still fails after 2 attempts, Customer may reject delivery
- Brand and Partner liability per Section 8 (Liability)
- Brand payment milestone 2 (Y%) triggers upon customer acceptance sign-off
层次2:SLA指标定义 (Service Level Agreement Metrics)
问题: 客户设备坏了,渠道多久要响应?多久要修好?
如果不定义清楚:
- 客户周一报故障,渠道周五才上门→ 客户生产线停了5天
- 渠道说”我们尽快”→ 什么叫”尽快”?4小时还是4天?
- 客户投诉到你,你问渠道,渠道说”我们很忙”→ 没有contractual obligation
解决方案: 定义SLA的3个核心指标:Response Time、Resolution Time、Availability。
SLA指标1:Response Time(响应时间)
定义: 从客户报故障到渠道响应(联系客户、开始troubleshooting)的时间。
分级:
| 故障级别 | 定义 | Response Time | 举例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical (P0) | 系统完全不可用,影响客户核心业务 | ≤2小时(24/7) | 所有设备offline,生产线停工 |
| High (P1) | 核心功能不可用,有workaround | ≤4小时(business hours) | 50%设备offline,可以手动操作 |
| Medium (P2) | 非核心功能不可用,不影响业务 | ≤8小时(business hours) | 某个报表功能不work |
| Low (P3) | 小bug、优化建议 | ≤24小时(business hours) | UI显示问题、性能优化需求 |
条款示例:
5. Support Response Time
- Partner shall provide L1 support with the following response times:
| Priority | Definition | Response Time | Support Hours |
|----------|------------|---------------|---------------|
| P0 | System down, business impact | ≤2 hours | 24/7 |
| P1 | Core function unavailable | ≤4 hours | Business hours* |
| P2 | Non-core function issue | ≤8 hours | Business hours |
| P3 | Minor bug, enhancement | ≤24 hours | Business hours |
*Business hours defined as: Mon-Fri 9am-6pm local time, excluding public holidays
- Response time measured from customer ticket submission to Partner's first response
- If Partner fails to meet response time, escalation per Section 6
SLA指标2:Resolution Time(解决时间)
定义: 从客户报故障到问题解决(恢复正常)的时间。
分级:
| 故障级别 | Target Resolution Time | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| P0 | ≤8小时 | 如果8小时内无法根本解决,必须提供临时workaround |
| P1 | ≤24小时 | 或提供workaround让客户先用着 |
| P2 | ≤3 business days | 非紧急,但要有明确timeline |
| P3 | ≤7 business days | 或放入下次软件更新 |
注意:
- Resolution time是”target”(目标),不是”guarantee”(保证)
- 但如果经常miss target(如miss rate >20%),要有penalty
条款示例:
6. Resolution Time Targets
- Partner shall aim to resolve issues within the following timeframes:
| Priority | Target Resolution | Workaround | Escalation |
|----------|------------------|------------|------------|
| P0 | ≤8 hours | Required if >8hrs | Immediate to Brand L2 |
| P1 | ≤24 hours | Acceptable | After 24hrs to Brand L2 |
| P2 | ≤3 business days | N/A | After 5 days to Brand L2 |
| P3 | ≤7 business days | N/A | No escalation |
- Target achievement rate: ≥80% (measured quarterly)
- If achievement rate <80% for 2 consecutive quarters, Brand may:
a) Require Partner to add support resources
b) Reduce Partner revenue share by [X]%
c) Bring in backup partner for support
SLA指标3:First-Call Resolution Rate(一次解决率)
定义: 客户报故障,渠道能在第一次(电话/远程)就解决的比例。
目标:
- ≥70%:acceptable(说明渠道L1 team有基本能力)
- <50%:问题很大(说明渠道team要么不懂产品,要么没有troubleshooting能力)
为什么重要?
- First-call resolution高 → 客户满意度高(不用等,不用多次联系)
- First-call resolution低 → 说明渠道依赖你的L2 support,你的成本高
条款示例:
7. First-Call Resolution (FCR)
- Target FCR rate: ≥70% (measured monthly)
- FCR defined as: issue resolved during first contact (phone/remote), without escalation or on-site visit
- If FCR <70% for 2 consecutive months:
- Brand shall provide additional training to Partner support team (at Partner's cost)
- Partner shall document common issues and build knowledge base
- If FCR <50% for 3 consecutive months, Brand may terminate support agreement
层次3:Escalation机制 (Escalation Path)
问题: 渠道解决不了的问题,怎么办?
如果不定义清楚:
- 渠道遇到难题,不知道找谁→ 拖着不处理→ 客户越来越急
- 你的L2 team被大量低级问题打扰(因为渠道不filter),效率低
- 客户绕过渠道直接找你→ 渠道觉得”没存在感”→ 合作关系紧张
解决方案: 定义3-tier support model + escalation trigger。
3-Tier Support Model
| Tier | 责任方 | 职责 | 能力要求 | 解决率目标 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | 渠道 | First-line support:接ticket、remote troubleshooting、on-site fix | 基础产品知识、常见问题处理 | ≥70% |
| L2 | 你(brand)或渠道senior team | Advanced troubleshooting:复杂问题、系统配置、integration issue | 深度产品知识、系统架构理解 | ≥25% |
| L3 | 你(brand)R&D team | Product bug fix、firmware update、architecture change | 产品开发能力 | ≤5% |
Escalation Trigger(什么时候escalate)
| 场景 | Escalation from | Escalation to | Timeline |
|---|---|---|---|
| L1无法在target time内解决 | 渠道L1 | 渠道L2或Brand L2 | P0: 2小时;P1: 4小时 |
| L2无法在24小时内解决 | 渠道L2 | Brand L2 | 自动escalate |
| 怀疑是product bug | 渠道L1/L2 | Brand L2 | 立即escalate |
| 客户escalate到management | 渠道 | Brand account manager | 立即通知Brand |
| 连续3次同类问题 | 渠道L1 | Brand L2(分析root cause) | 第3次时escalate |
条款示例:
8. Escalation Process
- 3-tier support model:
- L1 (Partner): first-line support, target ≥70% resolution
- L2 (Brand or Partner senior): advanced troubleshooting, target ≥25% resolution
- L3 (Brand R&D): product bugs, remaining ~5%
- Escalation triggers:
a) P0 issue: if not resolved in 2 hours, auto-escalate to L2
b) P1 issue: if not resolved in 4 hours, auto-escalate to L2
c) Suspected product bug: immediate escalation to Brand L2
d) Customer escalates to management: immediate notification to Brand account manager
e) Recurring issue (≥3 times): escalate to Brand L2 for root cause analysis
- Escalation SLA:
- L1→L2: Partner must escalate within above timeframes
- Brand L2 response: ≤4 hours for P0, ≤8 hours for P1
- If Partner fails to escalate timely, Partner bears additional customer cost (if any)
层次4:Penalty & Reward机制 (Consequences)
问题: 如果渠道做不到SLA,怎么办?如果做得很好,怎么奖励?
如果不定义清楚:
- 渠道miss SLA,你只能”提醒”他们→ 没有实际consequence→ 渠道不重视
- 渠道做得好,你也没有额外奖励→ 渠道觉得”反正做好做坏一个样”→ 没动力提升
解决方案: 设计”SLA-based revenue adjustment”——做不到扣钱,做得好加钱。
Penalty(做不到扣钱)
原则:
- Penalty不是”惩罚”,而是”cover customer loss”(覆盖客户损失)
- 不要设太重的penalty(如miss一次就扣50%),否则渠道不敢签
- 设定”grace period”(宽限期):偶尔miss一次可以理解,连续miss才扣
示例:
| SLA指标 | 目标 | Penalty触发条件 | Penalty金额 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Response Time miss rate | ≤10% | 单月>20% | 扣当月revenue share的5% | 偶尔miss可以,经常miss不行 |
| Resolution Time achievement | ≥80% | 单季度<70% | 扣当季revenue share的10% | 按季度考核,给改进时间 |
| First-Call Resolution | ≥70% | 连续2月<60% | 扣这2月revenue share的5% | 连续低才扣,单月波动正常 |
| Customer Satisfaction (CSAT) | ≥4.0/5.0 | 单季度<3.5 | 扣当季revenue share的10% | 客户满意度是最终指标 |
条款示例:
9. SLA-Based Revenue Adjustment (Penalty)
- Partner revenue share may be reduced if SLA targets are not met:
| Metric | Target | Penalty Trigger | Penalty Amount |
|--------|--------|----------------|----------------|
| Response Time miss rate | ≤10%/month | >20% in any month | -5% revenue share that month |
| Resolution Time achievement | ≥80%/quarter | <70% in any quarter | -10% revenue share that quarter |
| First-Call Resolution | ≥70%/month | <60% for 2 consecutive months | -5% revenue share those 2 months |
| Customer Satisfaction (CSAT) | ≥4.0/5.0 | <3.5 in any quarter | -10% revenue share that quarter |
- Penalty applied to the affected period's revenue share, calculated at period end
- Penalty amount goes to customer credit or service extension (not Brand profit)
- If Partner achieves all targets for 2 consecutive quarters after penalty, penalty is waived for next quarter
Reward(做得好加钱)
原则:
- 奖励”exceptional performance”(超预期表现),不是”meeting target”(达标)
- Reward可以是bonus、也可以是更好的terms(如更高分成、更多独家权益)
示例:
| 表现 | 奖励 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| Response Time miss rate <5% 连续2季度 | Bonus:当季revenue share +3% | 远超目标(目标10%,做到5%) |
| First-Call Resolution ≥85% 连续2季度 | Bonus:当季revenue share +5% | 远超目标(目标70%,做到85%) |
| Customer CSAT ≥4.5 连续2季度 | Bonus:下年度wholesale price -5%(让渠道更有竞争力) | 客户极度满意 |
| 0 customer escalation to Brand整年 | Bonus:$[X]K一次性奖金 + 优先拿新产品线 | 完全自主解决所有问题 |
条款示例:
10. SLA-Based Performance Bonus (Reward)
- Partner may earn performance bonus for exceptional service:
| Achievement | Bonus | Condition |
|-------------|-------|-----------|
| Response Time miss <5% | +3% revenue share | For 2 consecutive quarters |
| FCR ≥85% | +5% revenue share | For 2 consecutive quarters |
| CSAT ≥4.5 | Wholesale price -5% next year | For 2 consecutive quarters |
| Zero escalations to Brand | $[X]K one-time bonus + priority for new product lines | For full year |
- Bonus paid at end of qualifying period
- Performance bonus is in addition to base revenue share
- Top-performing partners may be featured in Brand case studies (with Partner approval)
渠道SLA完整模板
下面是一个可以直接用的SLA条款模板(附在渠道合作协议里):
# Exhibit: Service Level Agreement (SLA)
## 1. Delivery Standards
### 1.1 Installation Completion
Partner shall complete installation within [X] business days from equipment arrival.
Installation complete when:
- [ ] Equipment physically installed per installation guide
- [ ] Network connectivity test passes
- [ ] Basic functional test passes (test cases in Appendix A)
- [ ] Customer signs Installation Completion Checklist
### 1.2 Acceptance Test
Customer has [Y] days to conduct acceptance test. Acceptance criteria:
- [ ] All functions in SOW work properly
- [ ] Performance meets spec (Appendix B)
- [ ] Stability: [Z] days continuous operation, <2hrs downtime
- [ ] Training: customer operators can independently operate
## 2. Support SLA
### 2.1 Response Time
| Priority | Definition | Response Time | Hours |
|----------|------------|---------------|-------|
| P0 | System down | ≤2 hours | 24/7 |
| P1 | Core function down | ≤4 hours | Business hours |
| P2 | Non-core issue | ≤8 hours | Business hours |
| P3 | Minor bug | ≤24 hours | Business hours |
### 2.2 Resolution Time Targets
| Priority | Target | Workaround | Escalation |
|----------|--------|------------|------------|
| P0 | ≤8 hours | Required if >8hrs | Immediate |
| P1 | ≤24 hours | Acceptable | After 24hrs |
| P2 | ≤3 days | N/A | After 5 days |
| P3 | ≤7 days | N/A | None |
Target achievement rate: ≥80% quarterly.
### 2.3 First-Call Resolution
- Target: ≥70% monthly
- Measured: (tickets resolved in first contact) / (total tickets)
### 2.4 Customer Satisfaction (CSAT)
- Target: ≥4.0/5.0 quarterly
- Measured: post-ticket survey, 5-point scale
## 3. Escalation Process
### 3.1 3-Tier Model
- L1 (Partner): first-line, target ≥70% resolution
- L2 (Brand/Partner senior): advanced, target ≥25% resolution
- L3 (Brand R&D): bugs, remaining ~5%
### 3.2 Escalation Triggers
- P0: auto-escalate if not resolved in 2 hours
- P1: auto-escalate if not resolved in 4 hours
- Suspected bug: immediate escalation to Brand L2
- Customer escalates to management: immediate notification to Brand
- Recurring issue (≥3 times): escalate for root cause analysis
## 4. Revenue Adjustment
### 4.1 Penalty
| Metric | Target | Penalty Trigger | Penalty |
|--------|--------|----------------|---------|
| Response miss rate | ≤10%/month | >20% any month | -5% that month |
| Resolution achievement | ≥80%/quarter | <70% any quarter | -10% that quarter |
| FCR | ≥70%/month | <60% for 2 months | -5% those 2 months |
| CSAT | ≥4.0/quarter | <3.5 any quarter | -10% that quarter |
### 4.2 Bonus
| Achievement | Bonus | Condition |
|-------------|-------|-----------|
| Response miss <5% | +3% revenue share | 2 consecutive quarters |
| FCR ≥85% | +5% revenue share | 2 consecutive quarters |
| CSAT ≥4.5 | Wholesale -5% next year | 2 consecutive quarters |
| Zero Brand escalations | $[X]K + new product priority | Full year |
## 5. Reporting
- Partner submits monthly SLA report by 5th of next month
- Report includes: ticket volume by priority, response/resolution metrics, FCR, CSAT
- Brand reviews quarterly, provides feedback
## 6. Review & Adjustment
- SLA reviewed annually
- Targets may be adjusted based on: product maturity, market conditions, Partner capability
- Any change requires 60 days notice
匿名案例:一次因SLA缺失导致的合作失败
背景
某智能货架团队(深圳),产品单价$5K,签了一家北美distributor(50人,做retail tech)。
合作协议:
- 20页合同,律师review过
- 包含:分成比例(30%)、payment terms(Net 30)、独家区域(美西)、最低销售目标($500K/年)
- **但没有:**installation标准、support SLA、escalation流程
第一个项目:大型超市连锁(100套货架,total $500K)
Week 1-2:销售很顺利
- Distributor的sales team很strong,2周就close了deal
- 客户(超市IT总监)很excited,签了合同
Week 3-8:安装阶段开始翻车
- 承诺4周装完100套,实际拖了8周(distributor的installation team不够,临时hiring)
- 装完后,30%的货架连不上网(distributor不懂网络配置,客户现场是复杂的VLAN环境)
- 团队派了1个engineer飞过去troubleshooting(差旅费$4K,人力成本1周)
- 又花了2周才把网络问题解决
Week 9-12:客户验收失败
- 客户做acceptance test:货架的weight sensor准确度只有87%(承诺95%)
- 团队发现是distributor安装时没有calibrate(校准)→ 又派人飞过去,逐个货架re-calibrate($6K差旅 + 2周人力)
- Re-calibrate后,准确度达到96%,客户终于sign-off
Week 13+:售后问题不断
- 客户报了第一个故障:某个货架offline
- 客户找distributor → distributor的support team说”我们不负责support,你找厂商”
- 客户找团队 → 团队说”你是从distributor买的,应该找他们”
- 客户很frustrated:“我不管你们内部怎么分工,我要有人解决问题!”
- 最后团队派人remote support(本来应该是distributor的L1 support)
客户escalate到VP level:
- 客户IT总监给团队CEO发邮件:“你们的产品可能不错,但交付和支持太差。我们不会再买,也不会推荐给其他门店。”
- 团队CEO问distributor:“为什么support做不好?”
- Distributor:“合同里没写我们要提供support,我们以为只负责安装。“
合作终止
3个月后:
- 这个客户没有续约(原计划是roll out到200家门店)
- Distributor在美西没签到第二个单(因为第一个客户的bad reference)
- 团队终止了跟distributor的合作(未达最低销售目标)
总损失:
- 团队:直接成本$10K(差旅+人力),机会成本$1M+(失去的200家门店订单)
- Distributor:投入了sales+installation资源,但只拿到一个项目的分成$150K(30% of $500K gross profit)
- 客户:项目延迟2个月,体验很差
如果有SLA会怎样
假设合同里有:
1. 安装标准:
- Installation complete = equipment installed + network connected + functional test pass + calibration done
- Partner responsible for calibration per calibration guide (Appendix X)
- Customer sign-off required
→ Distributor会知道必须做calibration,不会”装完就算”
2. 安装timeline SLA:
- Target: 100 units installed in 4 weeks
- If delay >2 weeks, penalty: -10% revenue share on this project
→ Distributor会更认真安排资源,不会临时hiring不靠谱的installation team
3. Support SLA:
- Partner provides L1 support: response <4hrs, resolution target <24hrs for P1
- FCR target ≥70%
- If Partner cannot resolve, escalate to Brand L2
→ 客户知道找谁(distributor L1),distributor知道自己要负责(不能甩锅)
4. Penalty/Reward:
- If installation delay >2 weeks: -10% revenue share
- If CSAT <3.5: -10% revenue share
- If CSAT ≥4.5: +5% revenue share
→ Distributor有动力做好(因为有钱的差异)
预估结果:
- 安装可能还是会有delay(第一次合作难免),但不会拖到8周(因为有penalty)
- Calibration不会漏掉(因为合同里写明了是distributor责任)
- 客户有问题会先找distributor,distributor解决不了再escalate(不会直接escalate到CEO)
- 客户满意度可能4.0+(而不是3.0),愿意roll out到更多门店
常见错误与规避
错误1:把SLA写得太复杂,执行不了
症状: SLA条款10页纸,定义了30个指标——结果渠道看都不看,因为太复杂,也没法track。
规避: SLA要”简单够用”,不要”完美但无用”。
推荐:
- 核心指标≤5个:Response Time、Resolution Time、FCR、CSAT、Installation Lead Time
- 每个指标有清晰定义、target、measurement方式
- 用简单的dashboard track(如Google Sheet或简单的ticketing system)
错误2:SLA target设得不realistic
症状: 要求渠道”P0问题30分钟响应”——渠道根本做不到(他们team size小、时区不同、晚上没人值班)→ 天天miss SLA → penalty扣不完 → 渠道不想干了。
规避: SLA target要基于渠道的实际能力,不是”理想状态”。
怎么定target:
- 先pilot 3个月,看渠道的actual performance(如actual response time median是6小时)
- 基于actual performance定target(如target 8小时,给一定buffer)
- 每年review一次,逐步提升
Example:
- Year 1: Response time target 8小时(因为渠道刚开始做,能力有限)
- Year 2: Response time target 6小时(渠道team matured)
- Year 3: Response time target 4小时(渠道已经很熟练)
错误3:有SLA但不enforce(执行不力)
症状: 合同里写了SLA,但从来不track、不review、miss了也不扣钱——渠道发现”反正也没事”,就不重视SLA了。
规避: SLA要定期review + 真的执行penalty/reward。
推荐流程:
- 每月:渠道提交SLA report(1页纸,5个核心指标)
- 每季度:双方开review meeting(30分钟),discuss哪里做得好、哪里要改进
- 每季度末:计算penalty/reward,adjust下季度的payment
- 每年:review SLA target是否合理,是否要调整
错误4:Penalty太重,渠道不敢签
症状: 合同写”如果miss SLA一次,扣50% revenue share”——渠道说”风险太大,我不签”。
规避: Penalty要”fair but firm”(公平但坚定)。
原则:
- Penalty不是”惩罚”,而是”cover loss”(覆盖损失)
- 单次miss可以原谅(设grace period),连续miss或严重miss才扣
- Penalty金额要合理(如扣5-10%,不是50%)
Example:
- Response time miss一次:no penalty(可能是特殊情况)
- Response time miss rate >20% 单月:扣5%(说明有问题)
- Response time miss rate >30% 连续2月:扣10% + 要求改进计划
自检清单:渠道SLA设计10步
- 1. 定义交付milestone:安装完成、验收通过的标准是什么?
- 2. 列明每个milestone的acceptance criteria:客户怎么sign-off?
- 3. 定义support priority分级:P0/P1/P2/P3的定义和举例
- 4. 设定Response Time target:基于渠道实际能力(先pilot再定)
- 5. 设定Resolution Time target:target(不是guarantee),achievement rate ≥80%
- 6. 定义First-Call Resolution:渠道L1能解决多少比例?
- 7. 设计3-tier escalation:L1/L2/L3分工、escalation trigger
- 8. 设定Penalty条款:什么情况扣钱、扣多少、cover什么损失
- 9. 设定Reward条款:超预期表现怎么奖励、奖多少
- 10. 建立review机制:多久review一次SLA、谁负责track
FAQ
Q1:如果渠道说”我们team小,做不到24/7 support”,怎么办?
A:调整SLA target,或设计”分级support”。
Option 1:降低P0 response要求
- 不要求24/7,改为”business hours内2小时响应”
- P0问题如果发生在非business hours,客户可以直接escalate给你(你提供limited 24/7 support)
Option 2:分级定价
- 如果客户要24/7 support,要买premium support package(额外付费)
- 标准package只有business hours support
条款示例:
- Standard support: business hours (Mon-Fri 9am-6pm local), P0 response ≤4 hours
- Premium support (optional, +20% fee): 24/7, P0 response ≤2 hours
- If P0 occurs outside business hours under standard support, customer may escalate to Brand emergency line (additional fee applies)
Q2:如果渠道miss SLA,但理由正当(如天灾、客户自己的问题),也要扣钱吗?
A:设定”excusable delay”(可原谅的延迟)条款。
推荐条款:
11. Excusable Delays
- SLA penalties shall not apply if delay is due to:
a) Force majeure (natural disaster, war, government action)
b) Customer-caused delay (customer not available, customer's equipment issue)
c) Brand-caused delay (late product delivery, product bug)
- Partner must notify Brand within 24 hours of excusable delay, with documentation
- If dispute on whether delay is excusable, escalate to both parties' management for resolution
Q3:如何衡量Customer Satisfaction(CSAT)?客户不回survey怎么办?
A:用简单的post-ticket survey + 设定minimum response rate。
推荐方式:
- 每个ticket close后,自动发1个简单survey(1个问题:“How satisfied are you with this support? 1-5 stars”)
- Target response rate ≥30%(不强求客户一定回)
- 如果response rate <30%,CSAT不计入penalty(因为sample size太小)
条款示例:
12. Customer Satisfaction Measurement
- CSAT measured via post-ticket survey (5-point scale)
- Survey sent automatically upon ticket closure
- Target survey response rate: ≥30%
- If response rate <30% in any period, CSAT metric not used for penalty/reward that period
- CSAT target: ≥4.0/5.0 (based on responses received)
Q4:First-Call Resolution怎么定义?如果渠道remote解决了,但第二天客户又报同样问题,算FCR吗?
A:定义”真正的解决”(permanent fix),不是临时workaround。
推荐定义:
FCR (First-Call Resolution) defined as:
- Issue permanently resolved during first contact (phone/remote)
- No recurrence of same issue within 7 days
- No need for on-site visit or escalation
- Customer confirms issue resolved (ticket closed with customer sign-off)
If issue recurs within 7 days, original ticket not counted as FCR.
Q5:如果渠道做得很好(所有SLA都达标),但客户还是投诉,怎么办?
A:区分”service quality”和”product issue”。
可能情况:
- 渠道response快、态度好,但产品本身有bug → 这不是渠道的问题,是你的产品问题
- 客户expectation unrealistic(如期望100%准确度,但合同里承诺95%)→ 这是sales时over-promise的问题
解决方式:
- 定期review客户投诉的root cause(是service问题还是product问题)
- 如果是product问题,不扣渠道的钱,你负责fix product
- 如果是sales over-promise,加强sales training,避免下次
条款示例:
13. Complaint Analysis
- Customer complaints reviewed monthly by both parties
- Classify complaints:
a) Service issue (Partner responsible): response delay, poor attitude, incorrect fix
b) Product issue (Brand responsible): bug, performance not meeting spec
c) Expectation mismatch (joint responsibility): over-promise in sales
- Penalty/reward based only on (a) service issues
- (b) and (c) issues drive product/sales improvement, not Partner penalty
Q6:SLA report谁来做?需要什么系统支持?
A:渠道提交简单的monthly report,不需要复杂系统。
最小可行方案:
- 用简单的ticketing system(如Zendesk/Freshdesk,或甚至Google Form + Sheet)
- 渠道每月5号前提交1页纸的report(5个核心指标 + 简单commentary)
- 你review后给feedback
Report模板(1页纸):
## Monthly SLA Report - [Month/Year]
### 1. Ticket Volume
- Total tickets: [X]
- By priority: P0: [x], P1: [x], P2: [x], P3: [x]
### 2. Response Time
- Target: P0 ≤2hrs, P1 ≤4hrs
- Actual median: P0 [x]hrs, P1 [x]hrs
- Miss rate: [x]% (target ≤10%)
- Status: ✅ Met / ⚠️ Close / ❌ Missed
### 3. Resolution Time Achievement
- Target: ≥80% tickets resolved within target time
- Actual: [x]%
- Status: ✅ Met / ⚠️ Close / ❌ Missed
### 4. First-Call Resolution
- Target: ≥70%
- Actual: [x]%
- Status: ✅ Met / ⚠️ Close / ❌ Missed
### 5. Customer Satisfaction
- Target: ≥4.0/5.0
- Actual: [x]/5.0 (based on [y] responses, [z]% response rate)
- Status: ✅ Met / ⚠️ Close / ❌ Missed
### 6. Top Issues This Month
1. [Issue description] - [x] tickets - Root cause: [...]
2. [Issue description] - [x] tickets - Root cause: [...]
### 7. Actions for Next Month
- [Action 1]
- [Action 2]
---
Submitted by: [Partner Name]
Date: [Date]
这个report用Google Sheet或Excel 30分钟就能做完,不需要复杂的BI系统。
行动路径 | Call-to-Action
如果你正在跟渠道合作但没有SLA:
Step 1:下载SLA模板 完整的渠道SLA条款模板(Word版,可直接加入合同):
- 交付标准定义(installation/acceptance criteria)
- Support SLA指标(response/resolution/FCR/CSAT)
- Escalation流程
- Penalty & Reward条款
- Monthly report模板 → 免费下载:[出海五件套一页纸画布 + 渠道SLA模板](你的landing page链接)
Step 2:预约30分钟快速诊断 如果你:
- 已经跟渠道合作,但交付质量不稳定
- 客户投诉渠道,但合同里没有remedy
- 想在新渠道签约前把SLA说清楚
→ 预约30分钟免费call,我帮你快速review现有合同、identify gaps:[预约链接]
Step 3:10天渠道SLA设计Sprint(付费) 如果你想系统性设计渠道SLA:
- Day 1-2:分析你的产品特点、客户需求、渠道能力
- Day 3-5:设计SLA指标(target基于realistic baseline)
- Day 6-7:设计penalty/reward机制
- Day 8-9:起草SLA条款(legal-review ready)
- Day 10:培训你的team和渠道如何执行SLA
→ $2,000固定价格,10天交付完整SLA体系:[了解Sprint详情](你的service page链接)
如果你是渠道伙伴,想理解品牌对你的期望:
建议你主动提出SLA:
- 这显示你professional、有交付标准
- 品牌会更信任你(因为你不怕被track performance)
- 如果你做得好,可以拿performance bonus
主动提出SLA的话术: “我们理解交付质量对客户和品牌都很重要。我们建议在合作协议里加入SLA条款,明确我们的response time、resolution target、escalation流程。我们也希望有performance bonus机制——如果我们超预期表现,希望能得到认可。”
→ 这样的渠道,品牌会优先选择合作。
免责声明 / Disclaimer 本文提供的SLA框架和模板基于作者过去经验,不构成法律建议。每个产品和市场情况不同,请根据实际情况调整SLA指标和条款。在签订包含SLA的合同前,请咨询专业律师review。
最后更新:2026年2月 作者:SharpLee | AI硬件出海 · 北美×东南亚 · 规模化交付顾问
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